A Survey of Different Steganography Techniques

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Engineering Dep., Nuclear Research Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.

2 Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Dep., Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf, Egypt

Abstract

Steganography is defined as the art and science of embedding data
in a cover object without leaving a remarkable track on the cover
object, in other words it is the study of invisible communications. It is
usually dealing with the methods of hiding the existence of data to
be transmitted in such a way that, it remains confidential. The main
objectives of steganography are high capacity of the hidden data,
perceptual transparency (invisibility), temper resistance,
undetectability, computation complexity and robustness. It is
classified into three categories which are; pure (no key), secret key,
public key steganography. According to the type of the cover object,
there are different types of steganography which are; image, audio,
video, network and text. In the image steganography, the secrecy
can be achieved by hiding data into the cover image and generating
the stego-image. According to the embedding techniques, there are
different techniques of steganography which are those embedding
in the spatial domain (substitution method), those embedding in the
transform domain (frequency domain), spread spectrum techniques,
distortion techniques, masking and filtering techniques, and cover
generation techniques. Each of these techniques has its strengths
and weaknesses for different algorithms. This paper presents a
review of these techniques; the different algorithms, concepts,
advantages and disadvantages. The steps of the different
algorithms of these techniques will presented in details, with a
comparison between all these techniques. The different applications
of steganography, the attacks, and the robust image steganography
against attacks are presented. Lastly, the future and the novel
trends in steganography are presented.

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